Noticeable reliable-condition lasers depending on laser crystals are compact and light. Lasers from deep red to blue are already described. In particular, there have been a great deal of studies on Pr3+ doped laser crystals, and continuous wave lasers around 490 nm happen to be accomplished. Ti∶sapphire is the main attain crystal for ultrafast lasers. Superintense ultrafast lasers with peak power starting from various hundred terawatts to ten petawatts demand higher-high quality and enormous-sized Ti∶sapphire crystal. The origin of defect connected optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire and The expansion of enormous-sized higher-quality crystals are two vital troubles that urgently should be resolved. In recent years, we analyzed the system of defect linked optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire theoretically, and grew massive-sized higher-quality crystals by heat exchange system. The principle activating ions for 1 μm laser crystals are Nd3+ and Yb3+. Nd∶YAG is definitely the most widely used laser crystal. Lately, we explored a number of new Nd3+ doped fluoride and oxide laser crystals, and solved the emission cross portion difficulty of Nd∶Lu3Al5O12. SIOM described a completely new kind of laser crystal Yb∶GdScO3, of which the get bandwidth is about 85 nm. The commonly applied activation ions for 2 μm laser crystals are Tm3+ and Ho3+. Tm3+ could be immediately pumped by laser diode. Ho3+ has bigger stimulated emission cross area, and its emission wavelength is lengthier than two μm. We researched The expansion, spectroscopy, and laser efficiency of Tm∶LiYF4, Tm∶LiLuF4, Ho∶LiYF4, Tm,Ho∶LiYF4, and Tm,Ho∶LiLuF4 crystals.

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激光晶体（laser crystal），可将外界提供的能量通过光学谐振腔转化为在空间和时间上相干的具有高度平行性和单色性激光的晶体材料。是晶体激光器的工作物质。

作为工业上使用较多的都是高掺钇铝石榴石，也就是说掺入不同的元素来达到不同的效果；作为工业激光，关注以下性能：

晶体的光学质量对激光器的有效运行至关重要。晶体中的缺陷或杂质可能导致光散射、吸收甚至损坏晶体。高光学质量确保了稳定和高质量的激光束。

活性离子在激光晶体内发生的能量跃迁对激光操作至关重要。大多数激光操作都是通过四能级系统原理进行的，确保连续操作并防止浪费的非辐射衰变。

探索激光晶体的领域，可以让我们看到科学和技术相结合的奇迹，为我们带来了令人难以置信的进步。这些激光晶体，每一种都在组成和特性上独具匠心，是推动现代世界众多应用的动力。

Some laser crystal components are already demonstrated where by some saturable absorber content is integrated for passive Q switching of the laser.

量子效率是发射光子数量与吸收光子数量的比率。高量子效率表明更大部分吸收能量被转化为激光光束，有助于提高激光的整体效率。

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主体材料中活性离子掺杂物的数量是关键因素。它影响了激光的效率和性能。过低的浓度可能导致低输出，过高的浓度可能导致消光效应，降低晶体的效率。

The medium ought to have a high transparency (very low absorption and scattering) from the wavelength regions of pump and laser radiation, and excellent optical homogeneity. To some extent, this is dependent upon the caliber of the fabric, determined by details of your fabrication method.

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